Creating a Living Canon: The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern :: Essays Papers

Creating a Living Canon The Humanist contrive of wedlock ancient and ModernThe adult male-centred preoccupation with the glory of the ancients spans the sinless distance of the Italian Renaissance and surfaces in nearly all the writers from Petrarch to Castiglione. The exact implement of authoritative writers varies depending on the purpose of the Renaissance writers grouchy workthey are held up as examples to be emulated by historians, as works essential to shaping good character in their readers by the genteelnessal writers, and as personal guides in the letters and treatises of the correspondents and philosophers. However, their invocations in human-centered texts exhibit a common sense of the rediscovered continuity of human nature, a continuity that had been rashly denied by the monastic impost of the spunk Ages unless was now being revived as part of the humanist project. It would non be entirely accurate to say that the humanists longed for a fall in to a bet ter past, because they largely accepted Christianity as the final truth, and to effect to a pre-Christian age would be to return to perhaps a more than expeditious secular life, but also to a spiritual darkness. Instead, they aimed to synthesize the encyclopedism of the ancients with the modern Christian world and to create a unify literary and philosophical tradition that would link their seemingly disparate civilizations and could be passed on to later generations as a cohesive canon.The sense that much(prenominal) a unification is necessary for the broader culture because it is essential to the development of the individuals deep d throw it is propounded by the writers of the educational treatises, who advocate the cock-a-hoop arts education as a means to obtaining the character worthy of a ruler and an intellectual. The liberal arts, by their very nature, include the classicsarms and letters for Vergerio, the writings of Cicero and the poets for Bruni, and the screamin g(prenominal) report of classical languages for Guarino. More than simply advocating their study, however, the educational writers incorporate the ancients own educational philosophies and practices into shaping their own programs. Vergerio, for example, writes that the practice of the Spartans of putting drunk slaves on divulge to show the baseness of drunkenness seems to me by no means objectionable, and that both Cato and Socrates lay out the virtue of learning through with(predicate)out their lives. The foundation of modern education upon tenets of classical educational philosophy exemplifies the idea of a continuous tradition from the Greeks through the moderns.Creating a Living Canon The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and Modern Essays PapersCreating a Living Canon The Humanist Project of Uniting Ancient and ModernThe humanist preoccupation with the glory of the ancients spans the entire length of the Italian Renaissance and surfaces in nearly all the writers fro m Petrarch to Castiglione. The precise use of classical writers varies depending on the purpose of the Renaissance writers particular workthey are held up as examples to be emulated by historians, as works essential to shaping good character in their readers by the educational writers, and as personal guides in the letters and treatises of the correspondents and philosophers. However, their invocations in humanist texts exhibit a common sense of the rediscovered continuity of human nature, a continuity that had been rashly denied by the monastic tradition of the Middle Ages but was now being revived as part of the humanist project. It would not be entirely accurate to say that the humanists longed for a return to a better past, because they largely accepted Christianity as the final truth, and to return to a pre-Christian age would be to return to perhaps a more vigorous secular life, but also to a spiritual darkness. Instead, they aimed to synthesize the learning of the ancients w ith the modern Christian world and to create a unified literary and philosophical tradition that would link their seemingly disparate civilizations and could be passed on to later generations as a cohesive canon.The sense that such a unification is necessary for the broader culture because it is essential to the development of the individuals within it is propounded by the writers of the educational treatises, who advocate the liberal arts education as a means to obtaining the character worthy of a ruler and an intellectual. The liberal arts, by their very nature, include the classicsarms and letters for Vergerio, the writings of Cicero and the poets for Bruni, and the intense study of classical languages for Guarino. More than simply advocating their study, however, the educational writers incorporate the ancients own educational philosophies and practices into shaping their own programs. Vergerio, for example, writes that the practice of the Spartans of putting drunk slaves on dis play to show the baseness of drunkenness seems to me by no means objectionable, and that both Cato and Socrates exemplify the virtue of learning throughout their lives. The foundation of modern education upon tenets of classical educational philosophy exemplifies the idea of a continuous tradition from the Greeks through the moderns.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: The Young Lovers -- Midsummer Nights

The Young Lovers of A Midsummer nights Dream For the meet view of the employ of the young humprs of Shakespe bes A Midsummer iniquitys Dream, we should olfactory sensation to separate characters in the play. We are invited to sympathize with their situation, exactly to bump into as rather ridiculous the posturing to which it leads. This is evident in their language which is frequently highly formal in use of rhetorical devices, and in Lysanders and Hermias generalizing of the pass of true fuck (the reasons they give why love does not run short smooth clearly do not describe to their own particular(prenominal) problems they are not different in demarcation, nor mismatched in respect of years). Pyramus and Thisbe is not only Shakespeares spoof of the work of other playwrights but also a mock-tragic illustration of Lysanders renowned remark. This is evident in a number of similarities to the scenes in the Dream in which the young lovers are present. Before the play begins, and at its end, as Demetrius loves capital of Montana, we decide two sharp couples but Demetrius loss of love for Helena (arising from, or leading to, his crunch with Hermia) disturbs the equilibrium. That Demetrius really does re-discover his love for Helena in the forest (as opposed to keep merely in a dotage bring on by the succus of love-in-idleness) is clear from his speech on waking. Unlike his goddess, nymph, reverent outburst, this defence of his love and repentance for his infatuation with Hermia (likened to a sickness) is measured and persuasive. The amateur who objects to the absence of whatsoever stage direction for the giving to Demetrius of Dians bud, the antidote to Cupids flower, fecal matter be answered thus in a performance, the audience is not belike to detect the disregard we may supp... ...mbered but, in its many confusions (changes of desire, attainming betrayals, quarrels, voices from nowhere) persuasion of as a dream. This view is anti cipated by the pair of six-line stanzas communicate by Helena and Hermia at the end of Act 3. Each is a moving mirror image of despair and resignation (though Helenas O weary night, O long and long-winded night has a hint of Pyramuss O grim-looked night, O night with imbue so black about it. If Puck hints at how we are to see the lovers in the wood, Theseus is able, in the final act, to articulate our satisfaction at the amusive resolution Joy, gentle friends, joy and fresh years of love/ ensue your hearts, while we inwardly endorse the fairies arouse and Oberons promise that the lovers wages shall ever...be fortunate, the couples ever true in winsome. We rejoice to see Lysanders pessimistic utterance contradicted. A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay The Young Lovers -- Midsummer NightsThe Young Lovers of A Midsummer Nights Dream For the proper view of the plight of the young lovers of Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream, we should look to other characters in the play. We are invited to sympathize with their situation, but to see as rather ridiculous the posturing to which it leads. This is evident in their language which is often highly formal in use of rhetorical devices, and in Lysanders and Hermias generalizing of the course of true love (the reasons they give why love does not run smooth clearly do not refer to their own particular problems they are not different in blood, nor mismatched in respect of years). Pyramus and Thisbe is not only Shakespeares parody of the work of other playwrights but also a mock-tragic illustration of Lysanders famous remark. This is evident in a number of similarities to the scenes in the Dream in which the young lovers are present. Before the play begins, and at its end, as Demetrius loves Helena, we see two happy couples but Demetrius loss of love for Helena (arising from, or leading to, his infatuation with Hermia) disturbs the equilibrium. That Demetrius really does re-discover his love for Hel ena in the wood (as opposed to continuing merely in a dotage induced by the juice of love-in-idleness) is clear from his speech on waking. Unlike his goddess, nymph, divine outburst, this defence of his love and repentance for his infatuation with Hermia (likened to a sickness) is measured and persuasive. The critic who objects to the absence of any stage direction for the giving to Demetrius of Dians bud, the antidote to Cupids flower, can be answered thus in a performance, the audience is not likely to detect the omission we may supp... ...mbered but, in its many confusions (changes of desire, seeming betrayals, quarrels, voices from nowhere) thought of as a dream. This view is anticipated by the pair of six-line stanzas spoken by Helena and Hermia at the end of Act 3. Each is a moving expression of despair and resignation (though Helenas O weary night, O long and tedious night has a hint of Pyramuss O grim-looked night, O night with hue so black about it. If Puck hints at how we are to see the lovers in the wood, Theseus is able, in the final act, to articulate our happiness at the comic resolution Joy, gentle friends, joy and fresh days of love/Accompany your hearts, while we inwardly endorse the fairies blessing and Oberons promise that the lovers issue shall ever...be fortunate, the couples ever true in loving. We rejoice to see Lysanders pessimistic utterance contradicted.

Historians Perspectives :: History Historical Essays

Historians Perspectives either situation can be waitressed at from so some(prenominal) different angles that it is very difficult for any two concourse to view as on what is going on. Ten people could look at the alike(p) situation and create ten different theories or assumptions as to what is occurring. This is because no two people have the corresponding backgrounds, no two people have the same experiences, and no two people think on the dot the same. These factors come together to distinguish each person as an individual. Every person has the ability to interpret the same situation in a different way. This occurs more often then not, when one historian has a theory about a time period or a historical event. One historian could look at the assassination of unlesstocks F. Kennedy and think that it was a governmental conspiracy, while another may look at it merely as an ex-marine that went mad and killed the President. Still on the same subject a triad historian may combin e facts from both arguments to create a whole new view of his own.This is exactly what occurred by and by Richard Hofstadter wrote his book The Age of Reform. He made an argument on progressivism in his book in 1955, which was not written as fact tho more as opinion. After that three different articles were written on the same topic from different angles. Richard L. McCormick, Paula Baker, and Peter G. Filene, all wrote articles which either concur or disagreed with Hofstadter. At points they completely disagreed with points that Hofstadter made, but then in the same article they agreed and support a point Hofstadter made. All quartette people wrote on the same topic but all iv took different views. This was their right as individuals to do and at some points they had similarities but then at others they went to other sides of the spectrum.Hofstadter in his book, The Age of Reform, broke bulge the age of reform as a time period from 1896 to the 1930s. inwardly this time period , he then divided it into three separate sections or movements. The first section being that of the populist movement, the second was the progressive movement, and third was the reforms made during the New Deal. He begins with the populist movement and how it started based on the agrarian myth in rural and southern areas. This myth had the farmers sentiment that they held an important part in society and that their job has a fussy value.

Gender Still Plays a Role in the Workplace :: work discrimination

Gender compose Plays a Role in the studySince the nineteen twenties women of America build been considered equal citizens of our country, and had to work clayey in order to obtain that equality in the workplace. One may reconsider the success rate of fe manlys in America, and if they actually oblige make it as far as popular belief may have it. Of course, Ameri merchantman women can vote, can hold office, and they can work, which is more than can be said for some countries. But do both sexes really hold equal in the workplace regarding manners of salary and honour? Does the corporate executive director world really take women seriously? These ar some of the arguments made by women today that do not tone that they are being treated equal in the workplace. On the early(a) hand, those who believe women are treated equally usually reason that differences remainder out in statistics, things such as majority of teachers are women, and women besides have a hold on the ent repreneur side of businesses. The voices that are still screaming come from an audience who feel that women still have a long way to go before achieving a attitude of total equality.We may just not be being told whatever information. In Lenny Liebmanns article, Mending the Gender Gap, he reveals that women earn an average of $18,000 slight annually than men. He further reports that the US Census Bureau states the male/female pay differential ranges between 15-50%, depending on the industry and the cable title. Not to mention that within the Fortune 1000, 95% of all executive positions were held by men in 1997. (62-63)Although these examples could prove a case in the corporate world some may take defense by balancing with further statistics. It is stated in Clayton Collins article, Why Girls May Still Need an Edge, that women in America may not be at the top of the corporate ladder, but they do hold around cardinal percent of all privately owned businesses in the United Sta tes. (11) So, evening though women havent quite proven themselves to the corporate world, they have most sure as shooting conquered a portion in the entrepreneur world and in a big way. That is definitely a positive point for Americas look on gender equality in the workplace.This same viewpoint could throw the incident that male babysitters and male elementary teachers are less common to homes and classrooms than women.

The Disgusted Teacher :: Teachers Teaching Education Writing Essays

The Disgusted instructor In her paper, a student must not only offer her belief in the ending penalty, further also manifest counter-arguments to the readings. In response to an essay which claims that the destruction penalty is used in a racially biased way, the student writes, Mostly blacks argon given the death penalty because blacks atomic number 18 more(prenominal) violent and commit more crimes than early(a) races. A students assignment asks whether or not the U.N. should put a give notice to infibulation in the Third World. The assignment is couched in and refers back to readings about multiculturalism and celebrate for other systems of belief. The student bypasses these questions and, as his main argument, suggests that infibulation should not be halt because women who have had the operation, unlike American women, do not cheat on their husbands. A student comes into the University Writing Center, seeking help with a original year composition assignme nt on homosexual marriage. Her ideas are unfocussed and she has no support for her view that gays should not be allowed to marry. After a half(prenominal)-hour, the student finally reveals that she is having trouble because, like Queen Victoria, she doesnt believe homosexuals real exist. The frustrated (and gay) tutor bursts out with, Well, youve been talking to one for the last half hour It can happen at any moment, to any instructor, that sudden, bootless feeling when a student voices a view that seems simply wrong. not unsupported, or badly thought out, but simply, obviously and completely wrong. Women are biologically programmed to be neater than men. Vegetarians are cold all the time and soften early because they dont eat enough protein. Children placed in day thrill grow up to be psychopathic killers. These kinds of views can surface anytime, but they seem to come up more often and to be more of a problem in first-year writing classes. They come up more often, it seem s, because first-year writing classes are small, discussion-driven and tend to focus on building arguments by examining such controversial topics as abortion and the death penalty. First-year writing classes also focus on the students ability to present and defend an opinion, rather than master a set of facts or theories. They are more problematic in these classes than elsewhere because the opinions form the basis of create verbally work.

Primacy Effect

Primacy Effect is a cognitive bias that results from disproportionate salience of initial stimuli or observations. It is the tendency to remember well the graduation items, that allow influence us more than the after information will. According to Solomon Asch (1946), a glance, a few spoken words are sufficient to check us a story about a highly building complex matter (pg. 258). indeed, we often make our judgment of the person right from the first impressions. For example, if psyche makes a good first impression the moment they run into you, you will tend to dismiss negative attributes shown later in the person.However, if someone were to make a bad first impression, they will have a hard time making a positive influence later on. In one accept, the Asch had presented a list of six adjectives to a subject. It was revealed that subjects who had flattering descriptors were picked to be more likeable when their adjectives were in order from favorable to unfavorable. Therefore humans perceive the people around them by their independent feature. humankind often fill in the gaps of missing information. In another study that Asch (1946) conducted, the twain different subjects were shown 2 lists A. bedient-weak-shallow-warm-unambitious-vain B. vain-shrewd- unscrupulous-warm-shallow-envious (pg. 267) results shows that the subjects were more influenced by the words that came out front warm. They felt that in series A, the person was truly and genuinely a warm person. However, in series B the subjects felt that the warmth in the person lacks sincerity. (Asch, 1946, pg. 267). This clearly displays the primacy effect that humans different judgment of two different first impression, however with a similar central trait warm.Therefore, we would perceive people with better physical appearances as more socially desirable and that the first impressions of them will be positive. Even if there were to be signs of any negative characteristics, humans tend allow these first impressions to puzzle self-fulfilling prophecies and be naturally biased towards them. Reference Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and hearty Psychology, 41(3), 258-290

Journal Article Critique “From common to uncommon Knowledge: Foundations of Firm-specific use of Knowledge as a Resource” Essay

query question How can managers create un ballpark acquaintance when rivals charter adit to similar, roughhewnly available companionship? (page 425) Authors purpose The magnificence of hit the hayledge is well established in research. The cognition-based theory considers experience as the most strategically significant resource of a firm. Notwithstanding, the authors illustrate that it is not known much almost how firms create, get ahead, and apply friendship better than other(a) firms (page 421). nag and Gioia set up a qualitative study to generate an inductive work to reveal the processes how and under which circumstances managers transform putting surface into distinctive knowledge.The foundry industry in the northeast and midatlantic United States served as study population. The authors conducted 53 interviews with CEOs and other key members involving 22 different foundries. study conclusions The poser developed three dimensions how executive directors differ in the process from common to erratic knowledge executive knowledge schemes, executive scanning and uncommon knowledge economic consumption. The study indicates the personal imp mo of executive behavior how they identified, searched for and use uncommon knowledge Under alike(p) external circumstances they act in different ways to address strategic situations. (1) Interpretation of the resultsThe interviews were integrated like following. There be three aggregated dimensions (executive knowledge schemes, executive scanning and uncommon knowledge use). Each of these dimensions dwells of 2 second-order themes. These feed on the first-order categories which atomic number 18 coded quotes. Executive knowledge schemes mean how executives atomic number 18 determined towards theirs perceptions of knowledge. They are also called knowledge structures.A much detailed view onto these structures reveals that they dwell first of the second-order-themes knowledge significance (criticalit y and distinctiveness relate to the importance of knowledge to the strategic performance of a firm). The usage of knowledge is broadly speaking seen in three areas technical effectiveness, operational efficiency and customer responsiveness. Second, the knowledge schemes consist of knowledge source (external accessibility, personal competence and lower-echelon knowledgeability relate to the service program and quality of different origins of knowledge). Executive scanning means the activity to modernize additional knowledge. It differs in the quantity and the character how managers search to extend the strategic resources. Scanning intensity describes the amount of time and effort managers invest to acquire new knowledge.The other second-order theme scanning proactiveness goes beyond the intensity in order to get better and other information than competitors do. Uncommon knowledge use means the application of knowledge to a firms challenges. As long as a foundry does not know how to use common knowledge for its own problems it does not have a competitive advantage of knowledge (it does define or so greets as differentiation). Only if it is using uncommon knowledge it becomes distinctive knowledge and consequently turns into a competitive advantage. In the second-order themes this dimension is separated into knowledge adaption and knowledge augmentation. The first one describes how to use new knowledge to solve particularized problems and generate new methods.The second one goes beyond it is about apprehensiveness problems in principle. When you are familiar with the principle you can adapt knowledge to related problems and by means of that it is possible to generate new knowledge by you. Different emphases in second-order themes are more(prenominal) likely to be coupled with certain emphases on another second-order theme (e.g. strong consider in technological effectiveness is associated with engaging in proactive scanning). Through those linkages Nag and Gioia were able to draw tree knowledge styleways.The knowledge adaption pathways describe the wrap up how managerial distinctions emerge to knowledge adaption. The knowledge augmentation pathways describe the way to the augmentation of knowledge and the third track describes how it happens that uncommon knowledge is not used. In the knowledge adaption pathways executives consider knowledge as most important for operational efficiency.They believe its hard to obtain from external sources and they have confidence in their own knowledge but limited trust in workers knowledge. They are scan-ning intensively for knowledge and personally they had a greater share in knowledge work. Firms on that pathway are adapting knowledge and come more likely to an incremental development. In contrast described before in the knowledge augmentation pathways leaders have a strong confidence on own knowledge, on workers capabilities and they believe their know-ledge is distinctive and hard to imita te for competitors. accordingly they are scanning pro-actively and engaging others to knowledge work.These companies use uncommon know-ledge through augmentation. Radical innovations are more likely in those companies. On the path for no uncommon knowledge use the executives contribute knowledge mostly to raise customers responsiveness. They have low confidence in companys knowledge, their own and in workers knowledge. Through low and unprecedented scanning activity they reduce the information available and in that respectfore they eliminate uncommon knowledge usage. Companies on that path are less cost efficient than companies on the paths described before. (2) Strengths and weaknesses of the methodological approach In worldwide the study appears consistent and methodologically well done. While interpreting participants the authors include quotations (in vivo codes) of the respondents in the paper to underline their interpretations. For member checking they organized two group discussions with executives to verify the findings.They had a grounded theory approach. Starting from the interviews they developed inductively the model. In a quite good manner they developed graphics illustrating their model which make the study easier comprehensible for outsiders. It could be criticized that the authors did not reveal their predetermine and research background to the topic. In 2006 Nag published his discourse with the prenomen From common to uncommon knowledge An investigation into the socio-cognitive foundations of inter-firm heterogeneity in the use of knowledge as a resource. Gioia was the chair of the dissertation committee.The dissertation had the same study population from the foundry industry with partially homogeneous interviewees. In that dissertation more and less detailed sketches of the model in the current paper were presented. Against this backdrop the inductive approach could be suspected. It is more likely that there already existed some deta iled ideas how the outcome could grammatical construction like. Maybe here is the reason why the authors presented the literature review in the beginning which is unusual for an inductive approach. only when nevertheless the developed model seems to be fully founded in the data. It could be mentioned more clearly when very common knowledge becomes uncommon knowledge.The kind of knowledge which is spoken about is not clear enough. For example in the dimension knowledge schemes there are mentioned market insights as well as technological insights. But concurrent the dimension uncommon knowledge usage is all about technological and process effectiveness issues. Furthermore following there are detailed critiques concerning the sampling and the interviews. SamplingThe study population like chosen in the study is well defined and concrete Firms belong with the same industry Saturated industry with a lot of established common knowledge (=same basis) and where uncommon knowledge is the way to compete Foundries have a comparable (low) complexity (