The Logical Database

2 Nonfunctional RequirementsFunctional requirements define the assumes in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability. EXAMPLE 1Performance RequirementsPerformance requirements define unimp severallyable reception cadences for dodging functionality.The load eon for user interface screens shall apply no prolonged than two seconds.The log in information shall be verified in spite of appearance five seconds.Queries shall return provides within five seconds.Example 2Logical Database RequirementsThe logical database requirements include the retention of the following data elements.This list is not a fatten list and is designed as a starting point for developmentBooking/Reservation SystemCustomer first nameCustomer last nameCustomer addressCustomer prognosticate numberNumber of occupantsAssigned roomDefault room rateRate descriptionGuaranteed room (yes/no)C redit card numberConfirmation numberAutomatic fuckingcellation dateExpected check-in dateExpected check-in quantifyActual check-in dateActual check-in successionExpected check-out dateExpected check-out judgment of convictionActual check-out dateActual check-out termCustomer feedbackPayment trustworthy (yes/no)Payment fibreTotal BillFood ServicesMealMeal typeMeal itemMeal orderMeal payment (Bill to room/Credit/Check/Cash)EXAMPLE 3Design ConstraintsThe Hotel Management System shall be a stand-alone system running in a Windows environment.The system shall be developed using Java and an Access or Oracle databaseIllustrate a timeframe leaded to send off each(prenominal) task based on the requirements from question 2.(5 Marks)Answer Estimating time framesTo manage your time well, you should neck not only what tasks you need to accomplish, but also when those tasks must be completed and how long theyll take. Making accurate images approximately how long a task bequeath take is one of the keys to effective time management.Many management problems be the core of unrealistic estimates of how long it result take to complete specific tasks.If you estimate time frames accurately, youll be able to catalogue work efficiently and meet deadlinesschedule work efficiently Accurate estimates almost how long tasks will take to complete make scheduling a lot easier. They experience that you wont make to keep changing your schedule. If you have a task that you accurately estimate will take six hours, for example, you croup allot that time in your schedule and be reasonably confident you wont have to change the schedule.But what if you didnt accurately estimate the time for that task and allotted it only three hours? It would throw your schedule off, and youd need to rework it.meet deadlines If youre accurate in estimating the time it will take to complete tasks, youll be better able to meet your deadlines. If youre estimates arent accurate, you whitethorn ne ed to ask to change deadlines or disappoint others who are relying on you to complete certain tasks. With accurate time estimates, youll also be more confident about setting deadlines because you know that the time you assign for end each of your tasks is realistic.Time estimate equationIts important to estimate the time frames for your tasks accurately so that you can schedule all your work effectively and meet deadlines. To go about doing this, you first need to know the requirements of each task and your experience with activities both when they run smoothly and when they dont to produce three time estimatesThe deally timeis the time that the task normally takes you to complete. It helps to consider the time it takes to complete the task without interruption.You should also consider about a time frame you would be comfortable with based on your workload, the task, and any external factors that whitethorn delay or speed up the completion of the task.Theshortest timeis the leas t amount of time that you have taken to complete the task in the past. It may also refer to the shortest time in which you think you can complete the task if there are no interruptions or distractions.You can estimate the eight-day timeby considering what may go wrong when performing the task and then adding this extra time to the tasks likely duration.This estimate should be based on your experience of this type of activity in the past, as well as on any foreseeable difficulties.You use the three time estimates to calculate the shortest mathematical time to complete a task based on an average of the likely, shortest, and longest times. Because in or so cases a task will take the likely time to complete, this time is given more weight. You need to multiply it by 4, add the shortest time, and then add the longest time.You divide the total by 6 to get the shortest practical time.One important thing to remember is that you must use the same measurements for each type of time. For ex ample, if your likely time is a number of days, the shortest and longest times must also be in days. If your estimates are in different measurements, start by changing them so they are all the same. The time frames equation often produces a shortest possible time that is longer than the shortest time you put into the equation.This is because the equation helps ensure that youre realistic about how long things will take.To manage your time effectively, you have to estimate the time it will take to complete each of your tasks. Doing this ensures you can schedule your work appropriately and meet all your deadlines.To estimate the time frames for your tasks, you can use a simple time frames equation, which uses estimates for the likely, shortest, and longest times to calculate the realistic, shortest possible time that it will take to complete a task.https//library.skillport.com/courseware/Content/cca/pd_11_a02_bs_enus/output/html/sb/sbpd_11_a02_bs_enus002005.htmlFive threats to your p atronage that you need to consider for the success of this system.Answer After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of your business for your business plan, look for external forces, like opportunities and threats, that may have an effect on its destiny. These changes includeThe appearance of new or stronger competitorsThe emergence of unique technologiesShifts in the size or demographic composition of your market areaChanges in the economy that affect customer purchasing habitsChanges in customer preferences that affect buying habitsChanges that alter the way customers access your businessChanges in politics, policies, and regulationsFads and elan crazesList the threats and opportunities facing your business, and follow these guidelinesWhen listing opportunities, consider emerging technologies, availability of new materials, new customer categories, changing customer tastes, market growth, new uses for old products (think about how mobile phones and even eyeglasses now reprise as cameras and computers), new distribution or location opportunities, positive changes in your competitive environment, and other forces that can affect your success.When listing threats, consider the come to of shrinking markets, altered consumer tastes and purchase tendencies, raw material shortages, economical downturns, new regulations, changes that affect access to your business, and competitive threats, including new competing businesses and competitive mergers and alliances. Also think about the impact of expiring patents, labor issues, global issues, and new products that may make your offering outdated or unnecessary.If youre having a knotty time getting specific, look back at the strengths and weaknesses, but this time, use it to list strengths and weaknesses of a competitor. You wont know as much about your competitors capabilities as you know about your own, but you probably know ample to flag areas of strength and weakness. Your competitors strengths are capablen ess threats to your business, and its weaknesses present voltage opportunities.http//www.dummies.com/business/start-a-business/business-plans/how-to-identify-opportunities-and-threats-in-business-planning/Three elements of risk all(a) risk management standards agree that the goal of risk management is to enhance the chances of success of the relevant endeavor. However, each of them provides a different definition of risk ISO310002009 calls it effect of uncertainty on objectives, the PMI PMBOK Guidehas an uncertain caseful or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on the projects objectives, and the preferred gamble Doctor definition is uncertainty that matters.Each description is true, but only partly so. This matters because, until we know what we are dealing with, we cannot manage it in the best way possibleIf we use the ISO definition, then our first sentiment will be to pore on theeffectIf we follow PMI, then we will start from the potentialoccurren ceWith the Risk Doctor definition, we start fromuncertainty.Each of these the effect, the event and the uncertaintyis a component of risk, but on its own is not a risk.Even taken in pairs they do not provide the enough picturean effect plus an event isan issuean event plus an uncertainty isa predictionan uncertainty plus and effect isa concern.It is only when you put all three together that you can see what a risk is made of, and use this information to decide on what, if anything, to do about it. Of course, this then requires a longer definition, but the goal enhancing the chances of success is worth the effort.But what is success? It is more than plainly meeting objectives it must also include the condition of complying with project constraints in order for the final result to remain within scope.The three-part definition helps with three important stages of the risk management process1.risk identification, it supports the structured description of a risk (risk metalanguage) i n the form Because of , may occur, leading to In2.risk evaluation, knowledge of potential causes allows you to evaluate the likelihood identification of effects provides a basis for quantifying the impact.In3 risk response planning, the different parts of the definition suggest different response approachesforthreat avoidance, understanding thesituationmay allow you to stop it happening or protect against its resultsunderstanding thesituationcan also be used to help usexploit opportunitiesinrisk transfer or sharing, we seek a partner better equipped to address theeffectforthreat reductionoropportunity enhancement, we focus on theeffectand/or thelikelihoodExample 1 Safety and security risks in hotelsA strategical framework for hotel safety and security has been designed for owned and managed hotels and is illustrated below, showing the identified groups of risks and describing the management activities carried out to reduce those risks.2 Mitigating hotel safety and security risksR isks are identified at hotel level through various means including tidings gathering, quality audits, risk management assessments and internal audits.They are also identified as a result of incidents, customer audits and self-assessment. Hotel management discuss issues at monthly safety meetings and action plans are developed. Risks are prioritised, charge and improvement actions are identified, progressed and monitored. Action plans are reviewed at appropriate levels in the organization for issues that need to be escalated either to drive action or to develop common solutions.IHG believes it has a mature and capable systemic and systematic approach to managing hotel safety and security which both reduces the likelihood and impact of events. The embedded culture within IHG makes hotels and the corporation more resilient to unexpected or unidentifiable risks.https//www.ihgplc.com/files/reports/ar2009/managing-risks-in-hotels.htmlhttp//exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/3-essential-e lements-of-risk/business-management-